Being named as an executor of a Will can feel like a significant responsibility, particularly if you have never administered an estate before.

While every estate is different, executors are responsible for ensuring that the deceased’s affairs are dealt with correctly, debts are settled and assets are distributed according to the terms of the Will.

This probate checklist for executors provides a practical overview of the key steps executors should take following the death of a loved one.

What Does an Executor Do?

An executor is the person appointed in a Will to administer the deceased’s estate.

Their responsibilities may include:

  • Locating the Will
  • Valuing the estate
  • Applying for probate
  • Paying debts and taxes
  • Distributing assets to beneficiaries

For a complete explanation of the probate process, read our What Is Probate? A Complete Guide for Families in England and Wales.

The Probate checklist for executors:

Step 1: Register the Death

The first step is to register the death and obtain official copies of the death certificate.

Many organisations, including banks, pension providers and insurance companies, will require a certified copy before they will release information or close accounts.

Obtaining several copies at the outset can save time later.

Step 2: Locate the Original Will

If a Will exists, locate the original signed document as soon as possible.

The Will identifies the executors and sets out the deceased’s wishes regarding the distribution of their estate.

If no Will can be found, the estate may need to be administered under the Rules of Intestacy.

Step 3: Secure Property and Important Documents

Executors should take reasonable steps to protect the deceased’s assets.

This may include:

  • Securing property
  • Ensuring buildings insurance remains valid
  • Locating financial documents
  • Protecting valuable possessions
  • Redirecting post if appropriate

Step 4: Identify Assets and Liabilities

The next stage is to build a complete picture of the estate.

Assets may include:

  • Property
  • Bank accounts
  • Savings
  • Investments
  • Vehicles
  • Personal possessions
  • Business interests

Liabilities may include:

  • Mortgages
  • Loans
  • Credit cards
  • Utility bills
  • Care fees

A complete valuation of the estate is essential before probate can be applied for.

Step 5: Determine Whether Probate Is Required

Not every estate requires probate.

The need for probate will depend on factors such as:

  • Property ownership
  • The value of assets
  • Requirements of financial institutions

If you are unsure, read our guide: Do I Need Probate? A Guide for Executors and Families.

Step 6: Calculate Any Inheritance Tax

Executors are responsible for assessing whether inheritance tax is payable.

Even where no tax is due, forms may still need to be completed and submitted.

Where inheritance tax is payable, some tax may need to be paid before probate can be granted.

Step 7: Apply for Probate

Once the estate has been valued and the necessary information gathered, an application can be submitted to the Probate Registry.

Following approval, a Grant of Probate will be issued, giving the executor authority to administer the estate.

Step 8: Collect Assets

After probate has been granted, executors can begin collecting assets from banks, investment providers and other organisations.

Property may also be sold or transferred where necessary.

Step 9: Pay Debts and Estate Expenses

Before distributing any inheritance, executors must ensure all debts and liabilities have been settled.

This may include:

  • Funeral expenses
  • Outstanding loans
  • Utility bills
  • Professional fees
  • Tax liabilities

Care should be taken not to distribute assets too early.

Step 10: Keep Accurate Records

Executors should maintain clear records throughout the administration process.

This includes:

  • Assets collected
  • Payments made
  • Correspondence
  • Tax information
  • Distributions to beneficiaries

Accurate records help demonstrate that the estate has been administered correctly.

Step 11: Distribute the Estate

Once all debts, taxes and liabilities have been settled, the remaining assets can be distributed to beneficiaries according to the terms of the Will.

Where there is no Will, distribution will follow the Rules of Intestacy.

Common Mistakes Executors Should Avoid

Some of the most common mistakes include:

  • Distributing assets before all liabilities are known
  • Failing to keep accurate records
  • Missing tax obligations
  • Overlooking assets
  • Delaying communication with beneficiaries

Professional guidance can help avoid costly errors and reduce stress during the administration process.

When Should Executors Seek Professional Advice?

Many executors successfully administer straightforward estates themselves.

However, professional support may be beneficial where:

  • Property is involved
  • Inheritance tax is payable
  • The estate includes business assets
  • Overseas assets are involved
  • Family relationships are complex
  • Beneficiaries disagree

Obtaining advice early can often save time and prevent unnecessary complications.

Need Help Administering an Estate?

Acting as an executor can be a demanding responsibility, particularly while coping with the loss of a loved one. Hopefully our Probate Checklist for Executors has helped. 

At The Will Centre, we provide practical and compassionate probate support to executors and families throughout Plymouth, Devon and the surrounding areas. Whether you need guidance with probate applications or assistance administering an estate, our experienced team is here to help.

To learn more, visit our Probate Services page or contact our team for tailored advice.